Dependent Origination

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The Wheel of Existence

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Texts on the subject of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda; rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba) or interdependent arising:

Dhāraṇī

The Noble Essence of Dependent Origination from the Words of the Buddha

This short text, which appears twice in the Derge Kangyur (Toh 521 & 981), includes the formula of dependent origination, the so-called ye dharma, said to have been told to Śāriputra as an encapsulation of Buddha Śākyamuni's teachings.

Twelve Links

Commentary on Nāgārjuna's Verses on the Essence of Dependent Origination by Jamyang Loter Wangpo

In this short annotation commentary, Loter Wangpo explains the nature and subdivisions of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda) and identifies the somewhat cryptic numerical references in Nāgārjuna's verses.

Commentary on the Noble Essence of the Dharmadhātu by Nāgārjuna

This short text attributed to Nāgārjuna, which appears in the Abhidharma section of the Tengyur (Toh 4101), is a commentary on the so-called ye dharma formula of dependent origination.

Verses on the Heart of Dependent Origination by Nāgārjuna

In this short text, called Pratītyasamutpādahṛdaya in Sanskrit, Nāgārjuna explains the heart or 'essence' (hṛdaya) of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda) in just seven stanzas. He shows how the twelve links of dependent origination can be further condensed into the three categories of afflictions (kleśa), karma and suffering, and how all phenomena, being interdependent, are empty of true existence.

Related Topics

Abhidharma Series

Emptiness Series

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