Advice Series

Literary Genres › Advice

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Saraha

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A series of texts of advice and practical instructions on the path in general as well as more specific topics such as the intermediate states (bar do), Dzogchen, Mahāmudrā and retreat:

Acrostic

Bardos

Chöd

Dzogchen

This short text from Jigme Tenpe Nyima's Dzogchen corpus explains the distinction between the ordinary mind (sem) and pure awareness (rigpa), as well as the ways in which the Great Perfection is superior to other approaches.

Verses of crucial advice covering the whole path but especially the practice of Dzogchen, composed at the request of someone named Asé Chatralwa.

Pithy and practical, this advice — composed at the request of Garje Khamtrul Rinpoche, Jamyang Döndrup (1928–2019) — summarizes the key points of the path of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection.

Simple advice on investigating the origination, presence and departure (byung gnas 'gro gsum) of thoughts and resting without fabrication or contrivance in order to see the essence of mind.

These few lines of verse, taken from the advice section of Jamyang Khyentse's collected writings, are effectively an aspiration for mastering the Dzogchen practice of Tögal.

In this short text, written in verse, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö explains (with characteristic humility) the prerequisites and view, meditation and action of Dzogchen, or the Great Perfection.

Simple instructions on the practices of Trekchö and Tögal composed at the request of the daughter of Katok Gyalse Kunzang Rinpoche.

This practical instruction in just a few lines covers the path of Dzogchen by highlighting only its most crucial elements.

Written at the request of Lhasé Sogyal, the king of Yönru in Lithang, this short text covers the key points of Trekchö, from the foundational prerequisites to the unique Dzogchen preliminary of 'demolishing the house of the ordinary mind' and the main meditation practice of Dzogchen itself.

This brief advice on the practice of the Great Perfection and the importance of devotion was written for the king of Lowo in Ngari in 1750.

In this short instruction in verse, Khenpo Pema Vajra explains the key points of the path in general and of the Great Perfection in particular. His practical advice includes what to do in the intermediate state, or bardo.

Taken from his collected songs (mgur 'bum) this spontaneous poem offers advice on the practice and its fruition, with Nyala Pema Dündul explaining that his view corresponds to Dzogchen, the Great Perfection, his meditation to Mahāmudrā, and his action to the Vinaya.

One of the better known instructions from the collection known as Responses to Questions, Advice from the Guru's Direct Instructions (bla ma dmar khrid kyi zhal gdams zhus lan skor), which is included in the Precious Treasury of Revelations (rin chen gter mdzod). The text contains simple advice from Guru Padmasambhava for his elderly disciple, Ngok Sherab Gyalpo.

Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche recalls the advice of Khenpo Ngawang Palzang, who managed to encapsulated the Dzogchen practice of Trekchö (khregs chod) in a single pithy instruction.

In this short essay, Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche explains the theory behind the Dzogchen preliminary practice known as Khordé Rushen ('khor 'das ru shan), or separating the domains of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa.

Definitions of the five wisdoms (ye shes lnga), i.e., the wisdom of dharmadhātu, mirror-like wisdom, wisdom of equality, wisdom of discernment and all-accomplishing wisdom, according to the oral tradition of Khenpo Ngawang Palzang, aka Khenpo Ngakchung.

This short work in verse offers advice on the natural self-liberation (rang grol) of thoughts and emotions, which Patrul Rinpoche repeatedly identifies as the key to the view, meditation and conduct of the Great Perfection.

Sometimes known by its first four syllables as Eko Eko (translated as "Have you heard? Have you heard?") and sometimes as Self-Liberated Wisdom-Mind, this is a comprehensive and popular instruction on Dzogchen meditation. Although the emphasis is on remaining natural and unaltered (machöpa), the text also offers advice on how to integrate and adapt to the various experiences and circumstances a practitioner might face. The style is direct, eloquent and moving.

A four-line Dzogchen poem in abecedarian form.

Two verses of Dzogchen advice composed for Lama Kyab. The first verse is in abecedarian form.

Pith instructions on liberating thoughts, translated from a rare manuscript in the library of Dudjom Rinpoche Jigdral Yeshe Dorje.

Yangthang Rinpoche composed these powerful verses on the view, meditation and action of the Great Perfection at the request of his close friend, Lama Tsewang.

These notes discuss the ālaya, or 'ground of all', as well as the ālaya-consciousness (ālaya-vijñāna) and other forms of consciousness from a practical, experiential perspective, rather than a scholastic or theoretical point of view. They drew upon the sayings and explanations of such masters as Adzom Drukpa, Tertön Sogyal and Dudjom Lingpa.

Ethical Guidelines

Following a Teacher

General

Verses of advice written for a nun from Tsering Jong, the site of Jigme Lingpa's hermitage, in central Tibet.

Atiśa Dīpaṃkara Śrījñāna imparted this advice to his disciples at the request of Lha Changchub Ö as he was preparing to return to India. In it, he offers basic guidance on how to lead a spiritual life, escape "the swamp of saṃsāra" and reach "the dry shores of liberation."

This short text (Bodhisattvamaṇyāvalī in Sanskrit), which is included in the Middle Way section of the Tengyur (Toh 3951), is regarded as a classic work of the Mind Training (blo sbyong) tradition. With its direct and pithy language, it is not so much a poem as a series of maxims on the bodhisattva path.

In this brief advice the great scholar Butön Rinchen Drup (1290–1364) explains what it is to be truly wise, a true bodhisattva, and a true adept of the secret mantrayāna.

In this song of yearning devotion, or prayer of 'calling the guru from afar' (bla ma rgyang 'bod), the late Kyabje Chatral Rinpoche offers his followers some profound advice related to "the swift path of the luminous Great Perfection."

Important words of advice for all serious Dharma practitioners from the great Dzogchen yogin Chatral Sangye Dorje.

Six verses of practical advice for a lama from Bumthang in Bhutan.

Verses of advice composed for the benefit of disciples at the sacred site of Khala Rongo.

Two verses of profound meditation instruction for a disciple called Göndrak.

Four lines of advice, each of which incorporates the syllables kön (dkon) and chok (mchog), meaning 'rare' and 'supreme', the first part of Könchok Paldrön's name.

Verses of advice stressing the importance of study, thoroughness and an altruistic attitude, composed for a physician named Könchok Tenzin

Brief advice given near the Yelphuk Cave at the request of a disciple named Kyilu (skyid lu).

Verses of instructions on what to adopt and avoid on the path, which Chokgyur Lingpa imparted to his patrons.

Verses of advice spoken at the request of a female disciple named Tashi Lhamo and transcribed by Khenpo Rinchen Dargyé (b. 1835).

In these verses for an elderly lay disciple, Chokgyur Lingpa notes a lack of seriousness on the part of some followers and explains what it means to be a true practitioner.

Basic Dharma advice in verse composed at the request of a devoted disciple from Trindu ('khri 'du).

Four lines of advice that stress the importance of reflection upon impermanence, prayer to one's gurus, settling in the emptiness of mind, and dedication and aspiration.

These verses, Chokgyur Lingpa says, provide sound advice for all practitoners of Dharma, but for holders of mantra (mantradhara) in particular they represent the heart samaya.

In this response to questions, Chokgyur Lingpa addresses controversy surrounding Nyima Drakpa (1647–1710) and the Mindrolling tradition by advocating a nonsectarian attitude of universal acceptance.

This brief instruction draws upon three pieces of advice given by great masters of the past.

In pithy verses, Chokgyur Lingpa explains the heart of meditation and identifies the major signs of realization.

Advice on how to combine and integrate the three sets of vows: 1) the precepts of personal or individual liberation (pratimokṣa), 2) the bodhisattva vows, and 3) tantric samayas.

In these four short lines, Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa encapsulates, as the colophon reveals, the four qualities that all contemporary tantric practitioners should have.

Chokgyur Lingpa imparted this advice at the sacred place of Kyijam Nyida (skyi 'byams nyi zla), while he and his disciples were seated in meditation.

Composed for the sixth Drikung Chungtsang, Könchok Tenzin Chökyi Lodrö (1801–1859), this short text offers straightforward advice on measuring one's progress on the Dharma path.

Pithy words of counsel, pointing out some of the most common shortcomings among practitioners.

Verses of advice spoken in response to a request from a mother and child to explain the essence of dependent origination.

Chokgyur Lingpa gave this oral advice, explaining the source of permanent benefit and bliss, to a retinue of followers in Dzözhol Gyurme Ling.

Candid verses inviting practitioners to turn their minds inwardly and integrate the teachings.

In these four short lines, written in 1989, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche encapsulates the entire Buddhist path, which includes the cultivation of devotion, non-distraction, the recollection of death and impermanence, and compassion.

On the basis of classical sources, Jigme Tenpe Nyima warns of the dangers of sleep and drowsiness; he also offers some practical suggestions for cutting down on sleep and enhancing diligence.

A candid, somewhat comical description of what it means to take a limited and superficial approach to scholarship, which Jigme Tenpe Nyima tells us is based on his own experience.

In this very short text, Jigme Tenpe Nyima describes the best, middling and inferior ways of using pain and illness as part of the Mahāyāna path.

One of Jigme Tenpe Nyima's best known works—and indeed one the most famous Tibetan texts of recent times—this is a pithy and practical guide to integrating all experiences, good and bad, happy and sad, into the path to enlightenment. As the text itself puts it, this is “indispensable for leading a spiritual life, a most needed tool of the Noble Ones, and quite the most priceless teaching in the world.”

The author offers a concise yet complete overview of the entire path according to the Longchen Nyingtik, applicable to monastics and lay tantrikas alike. Using the structure of virtuous beginning, middle and end, he covers the common and uncommon preliminary practices, the generation and perfection phases, and the practices of Trekchö and Tögal.

General advice on how to apply the teachings and gain liberation in a single lifetime through recognising the nature of mind.

In this short text, Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche explains some important points of conduct to be observed by the saṅgha of monastic practitioners and the saṅgha of vidyādhara yogins. It was written with a view to preserving aspects of tradition in danger of being lost forever.

Six lines of essential advice from the Fifteenth Karmapa Khakhyab Dorje to his spiritual consort, the celebrated ḍākinī Urgyen Tsomo (1897–1961).

Verses of advice that Gatön Ngawang Lekpa gave to his heart-disciple Dezhung Tulku Ajam (1885–1952) and which were published within the latter’s collected writings.

This general advice from the great Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé covers every level of the spiritual path. Drawing upon famous statements by Atiśa and Śāntideva, he offers ethical guidance and practical instructions for watching the mind, cultivating renunciation, compassion and devotion, and realising the nature of all phenomena.

This simple advice covering the entire Buddhist path was composed at the request of Degyal Rinpoche (b. 1937).

Verses focusing on the reality of impermanence and the need to rely upon the guru as a refuge, composed in 1943.

Verses of general advice composed for a noblewoman named Nordzin Wangmo.

Pithy instructions on the nature of mind and the indivisibility of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa ('khor 'das dbyer med), sent as a letter to Luding Zhabdrung.

Pithy instructions on the nature of mind and the indivisibility of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa ('khor 'das dbyer med).

This letter to Damchö Gyaltsen of Tsechu (tshes bcu) includes four verses of extraordinarily pithy advice covering every stage of the path from the recollection of impermanence through to Dzogchen meditation.

General advice on renunciation, bodhicitta, the generation and perfection phases, and guru yoga, written in verse.

Verses of general advice written for Jamyang Zangpo, chant master of Bentsang Monastery.

Verses of advice for the Third Neten Chokling, Pema Gyurme (1928–1973).

Verses of pithy advice for the Sakya khenpo Jamyang Losal Zangpo (1919–1993).

This general advice, written for a student called Karma Chöchok (karma chos mchog), includes the Tibetan syllable ang — indicating insistence or encouragement and translated here as "hey!" — in each of its first four verses.

These verses of advice for Khenpo Jamyang Losal emphasize the importance of recognizing the view and practising guru yoga.

This remarkably concise and pithy instruction on Dzogchen practice and preparation for death was composed for Ane Kalchö of Lakar.

Verses of advice on the path in general and the approach of the Indivisibility of Saṃsāra and Nirvāṇa ('khor 'das dbyer med) in particular.

A verse on resting in the nature of mind, which is said to have been composed for Palpung Situ Pema Wangchok Gyalpo (1886–1952).

In just four verses, Jamyang Khyentse summarizes the instructions on the three sets of vows—pratimokṣa precepts, bodhisattva vows and tantric samayas—and shares the key to Mahāmudrā and Dzogchen.

General advice for a Nyingma lama called Gyalsé Kunnyi (Kunzang Nyima?) belonging to the Nyang (myang) clan.

These pithy verses of advice for an unnamed disciple cover the entire path from the outer preliminaries through to the advanced yogas of the generation and perfection phases.

Written for a disciple named Osam (Orgyen Samdrup? Orgyen Samten?), this short text in verse covers the whole path from the most basic contemplations of the outer preliminaries through to the highest form of meditation.

Concise counsel on every stage of the path, from recognizing the preciousness of a human life onwards, composed for an unnamed disciple.

In the form of an address to himself, Jamyang Khyentse delivers some urgent and uncompromising advice, before offering a heartfelt prayer to his teacher and concluding words of aspiration.

Jamyang Khyentse says he composed this candid song of self-counsel during the first month of a Snake year as he felt by turns joyous and sorrowful.

An exceptionally succinct presentation of the entire path, from contemplating the freedoms and advantages through to meditation on the nature of mind.

Pithy advice on not wasting one's time but making the most of the opportunity afforded by a precious human life.

Pithy counsel for an unnamed tulku.

Simple pithy advice covering the entire path, from contemplating the preciousness of human life through to meditation on the Great Perfection.

A single verse of advice highlighting the need to tame the mind right away.

A simple instruction based on the so-called Four Dharmas of Gampopa: 1) turning the mind toward the Dharma, 2) making progress along the path, 3) clarifying confusion, and 4) allowing confusion to dawn as wisdom.

Four pithy verses of general advice on cultivating renunciation and altruism and meditating upon the guru, thereby developing enlightened qualities.

In response to a question from his spiritual consort, Khandro Tsering Chödrön, Jamyang Khyentse explains the essence of the path in just a few lines. (Khandro's question is in the form of an acrostic poem, the opening syllables of its four lines being the first four syllables of the Tibetan alphabet).

Requested by a Paksam Gyatso, this general advice in verse covers the entire path from the preliminaries through to the most advanced meditation and its fruition.

This pithy survey of the entire Buddhist path is one of the few texts in Jamyang Khyentse's collection of advice that is written in prose. It was composed for a student called Pema Tekchok.

Simple advice in verse apparently requested by someone named Arapatsa.

A comprehensive guide to the Mahāyāna path in the Sakya tradition written at the behest of a lama referred to as Kangyurpa.

A short song of advice on the theme of the 'Three Greats', i.e., Great Middle Way (Madhyamaka), Great Seal (Mahāmudrā) and Great Perfection (Dzogpachenpo).

General counsel, including a simple Dzogchen instruction, composed for an unnamed disciple.

Verses of general advice written for a noble woman called Chabtsang Jetsün Kusho and sent to her as a letter.

Verses of general advice on how to practise the path, from the preliminary contemplations through to the more advanced practices of the generation and completion phases, written for an unnamed student.

Basic spiritual counsel, in verse form, composed for the benefit of a disciple named Pema Gyaltsen.

Khyentse Wangpo composed this commentary to The Essence of Nectar: Graduated Stages of the Path (lam rim bdud rtsi'i snying po) at the request of Chöying Palden, who had also requested the original root verses. The text covers every stage of the paths according to the vehicles of the transcendent perfections (pāramitā) and secret mantra.

These verses of advice for renunciant meditators (spong ba bsam gtan pa) cover the entire Buddhist path, from instructions on following a spiritual friend through to the most advanced generation and perfection phase practices.

These words of advice, written for a female disciple, cover every aspect of the path, up to and including the Great Perfection. The text is included in the 53-volume Ḍākinī Treasury anthology.

In this brief, practical instruction written for a disciple, the great Khenpo Tashi Özer explains the root of meditation, which he describes as "mind looking into itself".

These words of advice from Khenmo Rigdzin Chödrön of Larung Gar were recently shared widely on social media.

In this text from his miscellaneous writings, Khenpo Shenga offers advice on visualizing oneself as the tutelary deity, or yidam, and cultivating what is known as vajra pride.

A brief text in verse, written for a monk who said that he sometimes felt sad when remembering his parents and sought advice on how to channel that feeling constructively.

In this famous poem Könchok Tenpe Drönme offers a powerful and moving contemplation on impermanence and mortality, inspiring the reader to focus on Dharma practice without delay.

Essential advice on every stage of the path from beginning to end. As Longchenpa puts it in the text itself: "Even if we were to meet in person, I would have no greater instruction to give you than this. So take it to heart, all the time, and in any situation."

Longchen Rabjam tells us that he composed these thirty verses of heartfelt advice for himself and others like him, out of a sense of renunciation. In what has become one of his most famous and popular teachings, he advocates simplicity, ethical discipline, humility, and, above all, diligent practice.

This very short yet practical set of instructions, composed in verse, was written at the request of several beginners.

Mipham Rinpoche gave this text in thirty-seven verses to the Third Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima as a sealed scroll while they were both at Dzongsar Monastery. Although the precise date is unclear, it seems likely that this was in or around 1886. The text is a mixture of personal, often cryptic advice and prophecy.

In a few lines of verse, Mipham explains the essence of Dzogchen Atiyoga, which is, in turn, the essence of the 84000 approaches of the Dharma.

A four-line verse that Mipham Rinpoche composed while recalling Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820–1892) who had passed into parinirvāṇa two days earlier.

This short advice in verse explains the perfect equality (mnyam pa nyid) of the dharmadhātu (chos kyi dbyings), the space-like nature of phenomena, which, Mipham says, is a crucial point to understand in both sūtra and tantra. Mipham wrote this text in 1901.

Three pith instructions for dealing with fear, sickness and harm: dissolving the outer world into the body, dissolving the body into the outer world, and dissolution into space-like non-duality.

This short song from Nyala Pema Dündul explains that whether or not we have realised the truth of the teachings and progressed along the path is apparent in our character and our actions.

In this brief song Nyala Pema Dündul advises his audience how to give up the eight ordinary concerns, or 'worldly dharmas' ('jig rten chos brgyad), i.e., hope for happiness and fear of suffering; hope for fame and fear of insignificance; hope for praise and fear of blame; hope for gain and fear of loss.

This poem explains the tell-tale signs for determining whether the common preliminary practices (sngon 'gro) have penetrated the mind of a practitioner.

In a few simple verses, Palyul Choktrul sets out the basic elements that make human life meaningful, from thoughts that generate renunciation to cultivating devotion for the guru.

In this succinct account of the difference between ethical and unethical companions, Patrul explains the various ways in which they can influence one's own character for good and ill.

In this important guide to Mahāyāna ethics, Patrul Rinpoche elaborates upon nine points or criteria that a follower of the bodhisattva path should consider when seeking to act for others' benefit.

One of the best-known and most popular texts of Patrul Rinpoche's, in which he offers pithy mundane and dharmic counsel (to himself) in sets of three.

In this brief series of verses, Rongtön explains the benefits of the six transcendent perfections, or pāramitās, and shows how they incorporate many other aspects and qualities of the Mahāyāna path.

The Viśuddhadarśanacaryopadeśa (lta spyod rnam dag gi man ngag) is a very brief work included in the Tengyur (Toh 2464). It discusses the empty, illusory nature of reality and recommends meditation on 'emptiness with compassion as its core' (stong nyid snying rje'i snying po can).

This short text in verse offers a clear and concise description of the liberated experience that results from practising the path of the development and completion stages.

Pithy verses of advice on the need to practise the path by letting go of attachment to saṃsāra and, upon the foundation of bodhicitta, meditating intensively in solitude.

Poetic and playful verses on the incredible, seeming paradoxical nature of reality.

Pithy verses of counsel covering the entire path, which Shechen Gyaltsab composed for the bhikṣu Jampa Dargye at Lhodrak Kharchu.

This short instruction on relative and absolute bodhicitta was composed at the request of the English monk Tenzin Jamchen (Sean Price).

These four lines of advice that encapsulate the entire path were requested by Tulku Pema Wangyal Rinpoche on behalf of his students.

Extracted from the biography known as The Great Image ('dra 'bag chen mo), this is the advice that the Chinese yoginī Chudun gave to the translator Vairotsana.

In this brief text Yukhok Chatralwa explains the common outer and uncommon inner preliminary practices in very simple terms.

Guru Yoga

Heart Advice

In Jest

Mahāmudrā

A brief outline of the fivefold practice of Mahāmudrā that is unique to the Drikung Kagyü school: train in bodhicitta, visualize one's body as the deity, visualize the guru as the deity, train in the non-conceptual view, and seal with prayers of dedication and aspiration.

Drawn from the collection of advice called Ambrosia of the Heart (snying gi bdud rtsi) this brief text offers a very simple guide to practising Mahāmudrā.

This brief explanation of how to meditate on the Mahāmudrā of the innate (lhan skyes phyag chen) on the path of liberation (grol lam) is taken from the Ambrosia of the Heart collection of advice.

In this text Jamgön Kongtrul, referring to himself as a "kusāli"—a virtuous beggar—offers instruction on how to sustain an experience of the essential nature of mind in meditation.

Khenpo Gangshar describes this pithy advice on how to be truly happy by settling into realization of mind's essential nature as "insane ramblings", but it will surely be of great benefit to practitioners.

In this short text of practical advice, Mipham Rinpoche defines mental stillness, movement and awareness and explains how understanding the 'secret of the mind' leads to deeper levels of realization.

This concise commentary draws from the tradition of Fivefold Mahāmudrā teachings passed down from Pakmodrupa to Jikten Sumgön, and thus especially emphasized within the Drikung Kagyü lineage. When included in a single session of practice, these five points—bodhicitta, guru yoga, yidam practice, Mahāmudrā, and dedication—are held to provide a complete path to awakening. Chokyi Jungné’s instruction expands upon traditional presentations by concluding with specific instructions on how to practice during all periods of the day, as well as at the time of death.

A straightforward yet profound instruction on the nature of mind written in response to a request from an unnamed practitioner.

Meditation

Mind Training

Nonsectarianism

Parting from the Four Attachments

Retreat

In this teaching, which was originally intended for participants in a three-year retreat in Chanteloube, in the Dordogne region of France, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche discusses the importance of faith, renunciation, compassion, and looking into the nature of mind.

A very short text on the best conduct and attitude to adopt when practising in meditative retreat.

Longchenpa describes this text as a letter sent from his mind to itself, and, as befits such a personal message, it is heartfelt and candid. The core of the message is simple enough: to leave behind the busyness of saṃsāra and set out instead for the peace and tranquility of the forest, where "meditation naturally grows" and "one can find the bliss of inner peace." Yet while Longchenpa makes this point uncompromisingly, his language, particularly in describing the kind of wild woodland sanctuary he recommends, is often beautifully evocative and poetic.

In this poem Nyala Pema Dündul praises the peace of isolated mountain hermitages and retreats, contrasting it not only with the hustle and bustle of towns and villages, but also with the everyday comings and goings of ordinary monasteries.

Written for his close disciple Alak Dongak Gyatso (1824–1902), this text of Patrul Rinpoche offers advice on the purpose and significance of solitude. Brief as it is, the work is of interest not only for its comments on retreat, but also for the clues it holds about Alak Dongak's life, especially as no complete biography has yet come to light and his writings have not survived.

Verses in praise of mountain solitude inspired by a recognition of the turbulence and futility of ordinary affairs and interactions, including some aspects of monastic life.

This pithy advice for a lama about to enter retreat explains the ultimate sense of the Tibetan term tsam (mtshams), which means 'retreat' but also 'boundary' or 'limit'.

Yukhok Chatralwa records the pithy advice of the Nyarong Lama, i.e., Tertön Sogyal Lerab Lingpa, on the subject of how to remain in solitary retreat.

Samaya

Songs

Notes on one of Jetsün Drakpa Gyaltsen’s (1147–1216) best known songs, which incorporates key points related to both sūtra and mantra, written at the request of Sakya Dagchen Rinpoche (1929–2016).

This short song, consisting of eight requests to a disciple, offers essential advice on view, meditation and conduct.

Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok sang this dohā spontaneously in 1996 at a time when various outer, inner and secret obstacles had been overcome. It stresses the importance of meditating on Dzogchen, cultivating bodhicitta, maintaining ethical discipline, and having a positive basic character.

In this inventive song a debate between Waking and Dreaming, about which one is real, is adjudicated by Profound Wisdom (prajñā).

This famous song summarizes four forms of mindfulness, which Mañjuśrī taught to Tsongkhapa: 1) mindfulness of the guru; 2) mindfulness of bodhicitta; 3) mindfulness of the body as a divine body; and 4) mindfulness of the view of emptiness.

In this short song the famous yogi Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol explains the essence of all practices, from the contemplations of the outer preliminaries to the practices of the inner preliminaries, and the main practices of the generation and perfection stages.

In 2006, Khenpo Akhyuk (1927–2011) told Tsultrim Wangmo to record for posterity her experiences of other realms as a delok, or revenant. The following year, a team of women joined her to help record her stories. In the course of their work, as their faith in Tsultrim Wangmo grew, they requested teachings from her. She told them that she did not know how to give formal teachings but offered this song of advice instead.

Three summarizing verses from the conclusion of Delok Tsultrim Wangmo's memoirs.

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